PERSPECTIVES

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Jerusalem
Plate 37, Detail

From Blake's Style published Oct 6, 2014

Larry wrote:

   One simple clue to reading Blake concerns his use of dialogue; he spoke with many voices. He exercised this freedom especially with the larger prophecies, the three major works. These on first reading may seem to present insuperable difficulties, but the reader who pays close attention to the identity of the speaker at each point will thereby break down the forest into manageable groves of trees. In his three long poems Blake gave titles to various elements or speeches; they became units, landmarks or guideposts, casting light on what at first seemed general confusion. 

In Night i of 'The Four Zoas' for example we find Enitharmon's Song of Death (FZ1-10.9; E305), the "Nuptial Song" of the "demons of the deep" (FZ1-13.20; E308), and the message of the Daughters of Beulah, which they call the "Wars of Death Eternal"(FZ1-21.13; E311). These three songs comprise three of the many selves of the human psyche; needless to say their ideas and attitudes vary immensely. They all describe the same event, but they see it, oh, so differently. They use the same words with different meanings. For example consider that what the daughters call "Death Eternal" the demons call marriage. In this way Blake challenges the reader and stretches his mind and immensely rewards whoever will accept the challenge. He gives us the end of a golden string. 

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Ellie added:

In the early pages of the Four Zoas the disintegration process is presented from various perspectives. Although it is Albion, the totality, who is coming apart, it is the broken factions who are left to explain what is happening. Enitharmon who has been released from her parents and her twin brother, promises to sing a Song of Death. The death of the old order she sees an opportunity. By turning away and refusing to 'look upon the Universal Vision' she will 'drink up' all the powers of man.

Four Zoas, Night 1, Page 9, (E 305)
"But the two youthful wonders wanderd in the world of Tharmas  
Thy name is Enitharmon; said the fierce prophetic boy         
While thy mild voice fills all these Caverns with sweet harmony
O how our Parents sit & mourn in their silent secret bowers   
Page 1O 
But Enitharmon answerd with a dropping tear & frowning        
Dark as a dewy morning when the crimson light appears         
To make us happy let them weary their immortal powers         
While we draw in their sweet delights while we return them scorn                                                    
On scorn to feed our discontent; for if we grateful prove
They will withhold sweet love, whose food is thorns & bitter roots.
We hear the warlike clarions we view the turning spheres      
Yet Thou in indolence reposest holding me in bonds

 Hear! I will sing a Song of Death! it is a Song of Vala!     
The Fallen Man takes his repose: Urizen sleeps in the porch  
Luvah and Vala woke & flew up from the Human Heart           
Into the Brain; from thence upon the pillow Vala slumber'd.
And Luvah siez'd the Horses of Light, & rose into the Chariot of Day
Sweet laughter siezd me in my sleep! silent & close I laughd 
For in the visions of Vala I walkd with the mighty Fallen One 
I heard his voice among the branches, & among sweet flowers.

Why is the light of Enitharmon darken'd in dewy morn          
Why is the silence of Enitharmon a terror & her smile a whirlwind                                       
Uttering this darkness in my halls, in the pillars of my Holy-ones
Why dost thou weep as Vala? & wet thy veil with dewy tears, 
In slumbers of my night-repose, infusing a false morning?
Driving the Female Emanations all away from Los             
I have refusd to look upon the Universal Vision
And wilt thou slay with death him who devotes himself to thee 
Once born for the sport & amusement of Man now born to drink up 

all his Powers

Page 11
I heard the sounding sea; I heard the voice weaker and weaker;
The voice came & went like a dream, I awoke in my sweet bliss.
Then Los smote her upon the Earth twas long eer she revivd
He answer'd, darkning more with indignation hid in smiles  
I die not Enitharmon tho thou singst thy Song of Death"  

Los, whose emanation Enitharmon is, makes his protest by striking Enitharmon. His regret over this act of violence leads to a proposed marriage between the two which is celebrated at the Nuptial Feast. Rather than repairing the breach the Nuptial Feast awakes the 'Demon of Waves' who initiates 'vegetative life' with 'Spirits of Flaming fire on high' to govern 'the mighty Song.' The process has moved out of the control of Los and Enitharmon as additional forces are turned loose.

 Four Zoas, Night 1, Page 13, (E 308)
"And Los & Enitharmon sat in discontent & scorn           
The Nuptial Song arose from all the thousand thousand spirits 
Over the joyful Earth & Sea, and ascended into the Heavens
For Elemental Gods their thunderous Organs blew; creating
Delicious Viands. Demons of Waves their watry Eccho's woke!
Bright Souls of vegetative life, budding and blossoming       
Page 14
Stretch their immortal hands to smite the gold & silver Wires
And with immortal Voice soft warbling fill all Earth & Heaven.
With doubling Voices & loud Horns wound round sounding
Cavernous dwellers fill'd the enormous Revelry, Responsing!
And Spirits of Flaming fire on high, govern'd the mighty Song.  
And This the Song! sung at The Feast of Los & Enitharmon"

Those observing the events from the perspective of Beulah, give a report to the divine presence. Their account focuses on Urizen and Luvah, two aspects of the human psyche, who began a plot to gain power over Jerusalem, the emanation of Albion.

Four Zoas, Night 1, Page 21, (E 311)

"So spoke the Ambassadors from Beulah & with solemn mourning   
They were introducd to the divine presence & they kneeled down
In Conways Vale thus recounting the Wars of Death Eternal     

The Eternal Man wept in the holy tent Our Brother in Eternity
Even Albion whom thou lovest wept in pain his family
Slept round on hills & valleys in the regions of his love
But Urizen awoke & Luvah woke & thus conferrd

Thou Luvah said the Prince of Light behold our sons & daughters  
Reposd on beds. let them sleep on. do thou alone depart
Into thy wished Kingdom where in Majesty & Power
We may erect a throne. deep in the North I place my lot
Thou in the South listen attentive. In silent of this night
I will infold the Eternal tent in clouds opake while thou       
Siezing the chariots of the morning. Go outfleeting ride
Afar into the Zenith high bending thy furious course
Southward with half the tents of men inclosd in clouds
Will lay my scepter on Jerusalem the Emanation
On all her sons & on thy sons O Luvah & on mine     
Till dawn was wont to wake them then my trumpet sounding loud
Ravishd away in night my strong command shall be obeyd
For I have placd my centinels in stations each tenth man
Is bought & sold & in dim night my Word shall be their law" 

So the fall of man can appear as release from constrains as it did to Enitharmon; as an imposition of a new order of governing as it did at the nuptials of Los and Enitharmon; and as distancing of man from his connection to the Infinite, as it did to Unizen and Luvah when they sought to overthrow the established psychic order. There are among the processes which Blake describes in detail as he develops his characters and leads his reader along the path to regeneration.